Janka test- The Janka hardness scale measures how hard a piece of wood is by measuring the force required to dent it. The scale ranges from 0 to over 4,000 lbf, with higher numbers indicating harder wood.
Bark- Tree bark is the outermost layer of a tree that protects it from water loss, insects, disease, and temperature changes. It's made up of layers of living and dead tissue that regenerate to keep up with the tree's growth.
Inflorescence- In biology, an inflorescence is a group of flowers on a plant that are arranged in a specific pattern on a stem or branch. I
Buttressed- In biology, buttressed means a tree has buttress roots, which are enlarged roots at the base of the tree that help support it. Buttress roots are found in certain tropical trees, especially those that grow in wet lowland environments.
Elliptic leaves- An elliptical leaf is a leaf that is shaped like an ellipse, which is a narrow oval. Elliptical leaves are simple leaves, meaning they are not divided into parts.
Acicular- Acicular leaves are leaves that are needle-shaped, narrow, long, and pointed. The word acicular comes from the Latin word acu- which means "needle".
Pubescent- A pubescent plant part is a plant part with a hairy surface, or a layer of fine, soft hairs or down on its surface leaves, stems, flowers, or calyx.
Panicles - a loose branching cluster of flowers, as in oats.
Female /male cones- In the context of plants like pine trees, "female cones" refer to the larger, seed-producing cones, while "male cones" are smaller cones that produce pollen, essentially the male reproductive part of the plant; both typically exist on the same tree, making it monoecious.
Fretboards a long strip of wood on a musical instrument, such as a guitar, that has frets and against which the strings are pressed by the fingers in order to change the note that is played
Growth rings- Growth rings are layers of wood that form in trees and other woody plants during a single growing season. They are also known as annual rings.
Pores in wood- Pores" in wood refer to tiny, tube-like holes that are part of the wood's structure, essentially acting as the tree's plumbing system for transporting sap; they are visible as small openings on a cross-section of wood, particularly in hardwoods, and are technically called "vessels" in wood anatomy.
Grains in wood-"Grain" in wood refers to the visible pattern created by the alignment of wood fibers, essentially the direction and arrangement of the cells within the wood as a tree grows, which appears as a pattern of darker and lighter areas when the wood is cut, revealing its natural structure; it is essentially the texture and appearance of the wood fibers on the surface of a piece of wood.